Research

We study the mechanisms that produce vivid colours and diverse optical effects, such as iridescence, metallic appearance and highly reflective surfaces. The biological function of these complex optical effects depends on how they are perceived, so we also study visual perception using a combination of visual physiology, behavioural experiments and computational modelling.

More than half of the energy in direct sunlight falls within near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, beyond the limit of human and animal vision. Absorption of solar radiation in these wavelengths significantly affects heat gain, yet almost nothing is known of the diversity and mechanisms of near-infrared properties in animals, let alone their adaptive value. We are investigating the relationship between climate and reflectance of both visible and near-infrared light in a range of taxa, from reptiles and birds to butterflies and beetles.

Structural colorants are used in a vast array of manufactured goods, from banknotes to plastics and paint, but are produced unsustainably from non-biodegradable materials. Nature produces the most vivid structural colours of all using just a few abundant, biodegradable materials. Natural materials have simultaneously been fine-tuned for other essential properties such as wear resistance, water- repellence and thermal control. We are collaborating with scientists in several other discipline areas to design better, multi-functional and more sustainable coloured materials informed by biology.